ECOLOGICAL SAFETY OF WATER RESOURCES IN UKRAINE: MODERN CHALLENGES AND THREATS TO HYDROPOWER POTENTIAL SAVING IN WARTIME CONDITIONS

Анотація

    Water resources are strategically important for every country, and their environmental condition is one of the indicators of global environmental security. According to the Ministry of Environmental Protection and Natural Resources of Ukraine, the country's population and economic sectors are provided with water by 7 large canals, 9 main river basins, 1,103 reservoirs, 49,000 ponds, and 18,500 people are employed in the field of water management [1]. The consequences of the pollution of water resources are all-encompassing, because in addition to the destruction of ecosystems, the disappearance of water bodies, the reduction of biodiversity, the threat of a humanitarian crisis, scarcity, and the use of poor-quality water, which can lead to a number of diseases of broad segments of the population, are growing. The key ecological problems that are characteristic of all water basins of Ukraine include: excessive anthropogenic load on water bodies; significant pollution of water bodies as a result of unregulated drainage of sewage from settlements, economic facilities and agricultural lands; radiation pollution of the basins of many rivers as a result of the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant; deterioration of drinking water quality; and negative ecological condition of reservoirs and others [2]. According to the data of the interactive map "Clean water", which shows the level of pollution of rivers in Ukraine based on the data of the State Agency of Water Resources, the pollution of the rivers of the city of Chernihiv and the Chernihiv region exceeds the norm according to indicators such as chemical oxygen consumption, suspended solids, ammonium ions, and nitrite-ions [3].